Analysis of eight Murraya species by flow injection-Qtrap-mass spectrometry / 药学学报

In this study, the flow injection (FI) technology combined with the unique step wise multiple ions monitoring scanning (step-wise MIM) mode of Qtrap-MS was first established for the identification and discrimination of eight Murraya species. It only takes 5 min for each sample to detect approximate 600 compounds. The characteristic MS chromatograms of eight Murraya plants were analyzed by Analyst and SIMCA-P. The results of PCA showed that sect. Murraya and sect. Bergera were clearly divided into two categories, suggesting that there is difference in the chemical compositions between these two groups. Further detail analysis of the MS data could realize the preliminary structure elucidation of the component types contained in different plants. The main components in M. exotica and M. alata are coumarins, and polymethoxyflavones are rich in M. paniculata, while carbazole alkaloids are the major ones in sect. Bergera plants. The results are consistent with our previous comprehensive analysis of the chemical components of Murraya species. In conclusion, our research confirmed that FI-Qtrap-MS technology can be used for rapid identification and differentiation of similar plant species, providing reference for chemical taxonomy and a new method for the quality evaluation of medicinal materials.

Cloning and expression analysis of ANR genes from different species of Lonicera japonica Thunb / 药学学报

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and its catalytic activity is important for the synthesis of plant anthocyanin. In this study, specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of ANR genes from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak. were cloned. The results showed that the CDS sequences of LjANR and rLjANR were 1 002 bp, the gDNA sequences were 2 017 and 2 026 bp respectively, and the promoter sequences were 1 170 and 1 164 bp respectively. LjANR and rLjANR both contain 6 exons and 5 introns, which have the same length of exons and large differences in introns. The promoter sequences both contain a large number of light response, hormone response and abiotic stress response elements. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both LjANR and rLjANR encoded 333 amino acids and were predicted to be stable hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane segments and signal peptides. The secondary structures of LjANR and rLjANR were predicted to be mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LjANR and rLjANR had high homology with Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, and were closely related to them. The expression levels of LjANR and rLjANR were the highest in flower buds and the lowest in roots. The expression patterns at different flowering stages were similar, with higher expression levels in S1 and S2 stages and then gradually decreased until reaching the lowest level in S4 stage, after a slow increase in S5 stage, the expression levels decreased again. The expression levels of ANR genes in the two varieties showed significant differences in roots, S2 and S5 stages, while the differences in stems, flower buds, S1, S3 and S6 stages were extremely significant. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LjANR was constructed for protein expression. The target protein was successfully expressed of about 59 kD. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANR gene and provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Preparation and antifungal activity of water-soluble graphene-based itraconazole antifungal eye drops / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To prepare water-soluble graphene-based itraconazole antifungal eye drops and evaluate its antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Methods:By oxidative modification of graphene and modification of polymer materials, water-soluble graphene oxide-modified polyethylene glycol (GO-PEG) composites were prepared.The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy.The antifungal drug itraconazole was loaded onto the GO-PEG vector by solvent evaporation method, and itraconazole eye drops were obtained.The drug loading of itraconazole eye drops was measured using a UV and visible spectrophotometer.The antifungal effect in vitro was assessed by the microdilution method and light microscopy. Results:Scanning electron microscopy showed that GO-PEG had a two-dimensional nanosheet structure and many wrinkles.The zeta potential of GO-PEG was -42.40 mV.Raman spectroscopy showed that the ID/ IG of GO-PEG was 1.003.Using the water-soluble GO-PEG vector, a maximum itraconazole concentration of 10 mg/ml was achieved with a 10 000-fold increase in apparent solubility (10 mg/ml vs 0.001 mg/ml). The antifungal results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of itraconazole eye drops against Fusarium solani was approximately 1.88 μg/ml, but the GO-PEG vector has no significant antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Conclusions:GO-PEG achieves effective loading and solubilization of itraconazole, demonstrating an in vitro inhibitory effect on Fusarium solani.

Research progress of target temperature management on protective mechanism of cardiac function after cardiac arrest / 中华危重病急救医学

Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been partially applied in patients with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA). In the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines, TTM is used as advanced life support after ROSC for the treatment of patients with CPR. TTM has a protective effect on cardiac function after CA, but the specific mechanism of its protective effect on cardiac function remains unclear. In this paper, the basic experimental progress, clinical trial progress and development prospect of TTM on the protective mechanism of cardiac function after CA are reviewed.

Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris with Medicated Thread Moxibustion of Zhuang Medicine: A Multicenter Randomized, Parallel Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion (ZMTM) on psoriasis vulgaris.@*METHODS@#A multicenter, randomized, parallel controlled clinical trial was designed. A total of 241 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into a control group (120 cases) and a treatment group (121 cases) using a central block randomization from June 2015 to May 2018. The control group was treated with Western medicines alone including pidotimod dispersible tablets, vitamin B compound tablets, and compound cod liver oil-zinc oxide ointment. The treatment group was treated with ZMTM every 2 days combined with Western medicines. The two groups received continuous intervention for 30 days. The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and the secondary outcomes included Itch Rating Scale, Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), as well as PASI response rate. Meanwhile, adverse events were evaluated during the whole clinical trial. Follow-up was carried out 30 days after treatment.@*RESULTS@#There were 5 cases of shedding in this trial. In intention-to-treat analysis, 236 cases were included and each group contained 118 cases. On the 30th and 60th days, PASI scores of patients in each group were significantly lower than that at baseline (P<0.01) and the PASI score reduction of the treatment group was greater than that of the control group (P<0.01). Itch Rating Scale, DLQI, and HAMA scale were decreased in both groups after treatment, and the treatment group showed a better therapeutic effect (P<0.01). The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 were significantly higher than those in the control group [81.4% (96/118), 43.2% (51/118) vs. 41.5% (49/118), 11.0% (13/118), respectively, P<0.05]. During follow-up, the improvements in scores of PASI, Itch Rating Scale, DLQI, and HAMA of the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P<0.01). The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, respectively (both P<0.05). No obvious adverse reaction was found in either group.@*CONCLUSION@#ZMTM combined with Western medicines showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris without obvious adverse reaction. (Trial Registration No. ChiCTR-IOR-16008159).

Klotho promotes high-glucose-mediated autophagy of human renal tubule cells / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Klotho on autophagy of human renal tubule cells under high glucose through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathways.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group and high glucose group (HG group, added with 30 mmol/L glucose); According to the transfection of pcDNA3.1-vector or pcDNA3.1-Klotho, they were divided into two groups: Vector group and Klotho group; According to whether AMPK inhibitor compound C or ERK inhibitor curcumin was added after pcDNA3.1-Klotho transfection and high glucose stimulation, they were divided into four groups: HG+ Vector group, HG+ Klotho group, HG+ Klotho+ compound C group and HG+ Klotho+ curcumin group. The expression of Klotho was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot; The relative expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p-AMPK/AMPK and p-ERK/ERK were detected by Western blot; Changes of autophagosome in human renal tubular epithelial cells observed by transmission electron microscope. Results:The protein and mRNA expression of Klotho in human renal tubular epithelial cells of HG group was significantly lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05); The LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ in Klotho group was significantly higher than that in Vector group ( P<0.05); The number of autophagosomes in Klotho group was also significantly higher than that in Vector group ( P<0.05); p-AMPK/AMPK in Klotho group was significantly higher than that in Vector group ( P<0.05), while p-ERK/ERK in Klotho group was significantly lower than that in Vector group ( P<0.05). The protein relative expression of p-AMPK/AMPK in HG+ Klotho+ compound C group (0.44±0.04) was significantly lower than that in HG+ Klotho group (0.79±0.08) ( P<0.01); The protein relative expression of p-ERK/ERK in HG+ Klotho+ curcumin group (1.05±0.12) was significantly higher than that in HG+ Klotho group (0.56±0.05) ( P<0.01). The relative expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein in HG+ Klotho+ compound C group and HG+ Klotho+ curcumin group (0.79±0.12; 0.68±0.09) were significantly lower than that in HG+ Klotho group (1.65±0.20) (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Klotho can enhance autophagy of human renal tubular epithelial cells under high glucose condition by activating AMPK and inhibiting ERK pathway.

Inhibitory effect of vorinostat encapsulated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin eye drops on corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burns in mouse / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To prepare vorinostat encapsulated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (SAHA-CD) eye drops and investigate its inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by alkali burns in mouse.Methods:The SAHA-CD eye drops at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%and 0.4%were prepared by inclusion technology with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and the content was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.Seventy-five SPF mice with alkali burn-induced CNV were randomized into 0.1%SAHA-CD group, 0.2%SAHA-CD group, 0.4%SAHA-CD group, dexamethasone group and normal control group according to a random number table, 15 for each group, among which the SAHA-CD groups and dexamethasone group were treated with corresponding drugs, and model control group was treated with normal saline immediately after modeling, four times a day and five microliters each time, lasting for six days.The healing of corneal epithelium was examined with a slit lamp microscope after fluorescein sodium staining, and the areas of cornea epithelial defects were calculated using Eyestudio software.The corneal flat mount was prepared, and the length and areas of CNV were calculated with ImageJ software.The histology of mouse corneas was observed through hematoxylin and eosin staining.The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cornea were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement and this study protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Institute (No.HNEECA-2020-01).Results:The actual drug contents of the 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%SAHA-CD eye drops were 97.62%, 98.33%and 98.14%of the labeled amount.The cornea showed edema and opacification after modeling.On the sixth day after treatment, significant differences were found in the length and areas of CNV among various groups ( F=7.655, 8.802; both at P<0.01).The areas of CNV in 0.2%SAHA-CD, 0.4%SAHA-CD and dexamethasone groups were significantly smaller than model control group, and the length of CNV in 0.1%SAHA-CD, 0.2%SAHA-CD and dexamethasone groups were significantly smaller than model control group (all at P<0.05).On the third and sixth day following modeling, significant differences in the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-9 were found among the five groups (third day: F=6.345, 7.149, 18.650; all at P<0.01; sixth day: F=6.749, 5.105, 5.023; all at P<0.01), and the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-9 in 0.2%SAHA-CD group were significantly lower than those in 0.1%SAHA-CD group, 0.4%SAHA-CD group and model control group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:SAHA-CD eye drops can inhibit alkali burn-induced CNV in mouse.

Identification and characterization of flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase gene CtUF3GT from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) / 药学学报

UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UF3GT) uses flavones, dihydroflavonol or anthocyanin as the acceptor and uridine 5′-diphosphate-sugar as the donor to catalyze the production of flavonoid 3-O-glycoside compounds. Based on sequence homology and transcriptome data, we screened and cloned a UF3GT gene named CtUF3GT (GenBank No. OM948976) from safflower. Biological information analysis demonstrate that CtUF3GT has highly conserved PSPG motif. The open reading frame of CtUF3GT is 1 446 bp, encoding 481 amino acids, with a presumed molecular weight of 52.36 kD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.33. Multiple sequence alignment indicate that CtUF3GT has a high homology with UF3GT from Asteraceae, and phylogenetic analysis showed that CtUF3GT clusters with functional identified UF3GTs from other species. The purified recombinant protein glucosylated kaempferol and quercetin to biosynthesis of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, respectively. And CtUF3GT prefered to use kaempferol as substrate. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the UF3GT gene was most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves, with very low expression in bracts and stems, and no expression in roots. The expression of UF3GT gene showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing at different stages of flower development. The expression of CtUF3GT gene in safflower with different flower color was highly significant (P < 0.01) at S1, S2, S5, S6 and S7 stages of flower development, in which the expression of CtUF3GT in white safflower was 5.3 and 3.1 times higher than that in red safflower at S6 and S7 stages. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the role of CtUF3GT in the mechanism of safflower flavonoid secondary metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation.

Safety and efficacy of domestic single-port robotic surgery system for extraperitoneal urological surgery / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of the novel single-port surgical robotic surgical system in extraperitoneal urological surgery.Methods:From February to April 2022, patients was prospectively enrolled who required laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy and adrenal tumor resection in urology department. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years old; BMI 18.5-30 kg/m 2; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system grades 1 to 3; can cooperate with the completion of the visits and related examinations stipulated in the plan, and participate voluntarily clinical trials, and consent or the guardian agrees to sign the informed consent form; tumor indicators meet one of the following surgical treatment indications: kidney tumor T 1 stage, single, maximum tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm; prostate cancer, stage ≤ T 2b, preoperative PSA ≤ 20 ng /ml; Gleason score ≤ 7; adrenal tumor diameter ≤ 7 cm, for non-functioning adrenal adenoma, tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm. Exclusion criteria were: patients with other malignancies or a history of other malignancies and the investigators believe that they are not suitable for inclusion in this researcher; patients who have received the same type of urological surgery in the past and are not suitable for participating in this study as assessed by the investigators; included Those who have undergone other major surgery within the first 3 months and during the trial period, or who cannot recover from the side effects of any such surgery; syphilis, hepatitis B, HIV infection and carriers; long-term use of anticoagulants or blood system diseases; Unable to use effective contraception during the trial period and other conditions that the investigators deem inappropriate to participate in this trial. All operations were performed by a novel single-port robotic surgical operating system, and all surgical procedures were performed through an extraperitoneal approach. Surgical method: the surgical system is mainly composed of a remote console including a high-definition display, a surgical equipment trolley, a surgical execution system that accommodates a serpentine robotic arm, and a bendable serpentine robotic arm. In this study, the extraperitoneal approach was used. For radical prostatectomy, the patient was placed in a supine position, a longitudinal incision of about 3 cm was made below the umbilicus, the anterior rectus sheath was incised, the extraperitoneal space was separated, and an operating sheath was placed. A 12 mm trocar is placed between the right McBurney point and the umbilicus as an auxiliary hole. For partial nephrectomy and adrenal tumor resection, the patient is placed in the lateral position, and an 3cm incision is made 2 cm above the iliac crest on the midaxillary line as the main operating hole. The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle were incised to the retroperitoneal cavity, and a 12mm trocar was placed at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine on the anterior axillary line as an auxiliary hole. The operation was performed after connecting each robotic arm. After the operation, the specimen was placed in the specimen bag, and a drainage tube is placed in the auxiliary hole, the specimen was taken out, and the incision was closed in turn. Preoperative basic information, operation time, blood loss, incision size, postoperative complications, preoperative and postoperative PSA score, eGFR index, postoperative pathological information and other perioperative information were collected. Results:A total of 17 patients were included in this study, including 6 with prostate cancer, 8 with renal tumor, and 3 with adrenal tumor. There were 9 males and 8 females, with an average age of (56.7±14.6) years and a BMI of (23.3±3.4) kg/m 2. The mean operation time of radical prostatectomy was (244.6±35.1) min, the mean operating time of the chief surgeon was (184.0±39.0) min, and the mean blood loss was (36.6±23.8) ml. Postoperative positive margin was found in 2 cases. The average operation time of partial nephrectomy was (189.6±49.4) minutes, the average operating time of the chief surgeon was (115±39.7) minutes, the average blood loss was (12.7±8.3) ml, and the average warm ischemia time was (23.1±10.8) minutes. There was no significant difference in the eGFR index before and after the operation ( P>0.05). The average operation time of adrenalectomy was (177.6±26.9) min, the average operating time of the chief surgeon was (99±20.4) min, and the average blood loss was (11.6±6.2) ml. The overall average operation time of the three surgical methods was (206.9±50.1) min, the overall average operating time of the chief surgeon was (136.5±51.1) min, the overall average blood loss was (21.0±9.2) ml, and the overall average incision size was (3.5±0.5) cm, all added a 12 mm auxiliary channel, and the overall average hospital stay was (8.1±2.7) days. All operations were successfully completed, and there was no conversion to open surgery during the operation, and no operation holes were added. There was no Clavien-Dindo≥grade 3 complication after operation. Conclusions:The novel single-port robot could safely and effectively perform radical prostatectomy, partial nephrectomy and adrenalectomy which are common in urology through extraperitoneal approach.

Comparison of Murraya exotica and Murraya paniculata by fingerprint analysis coupled with chemometrics and network pharmacology methods / 中国天然药物

There are two source plants for the traditional Chinese medicine Murrayae Folium et Cacumen (MFC) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, i.e. Murraya exotica L. and M. paniculata (L.) Jack. Herein, a chemical comparison of M. exotica and M. paniculata by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint analysis coupled with chemometrics and network pharmacology was performed. The main peaks in the fingerprints were identified by liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS) and authenticated by references. The chemometrics results showed that the HPLC fingerprints of these two species were clearly divided into two categories using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and a total of 13 significantly differentiated markers were screened out by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). However, the following network pharmacology analysis showed that these discriminated markers were found to act via many common targets and metabolic pathways, indicating the possibly similar pharmacological effects and mechanisms for M. exotica and M. paniculata. The above results provide valuable evidence for the equivalent use of these two plants in clinical settings. Moreover, the chromatographic fingerprint analysis coupled with chemometrics and network pharmacology supplies an efficient approach for the comparative analysis of multi-source TCMs like MFC.

Effect of weight growth velocity in the early stage after birth on neurodevelopment of preterm infants at the corrected age of 12 months / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of weight growth velocity in the early stage after birth on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants at the corrected age of 12 months.@*METHODS@#Related data were collected from the preterm infants who were discharged from the Department of Neonatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 and were followed up at the outpatient service of high-risk infants. According to the weight growth velocity from birth to the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks, the infants were divided into two groups: low velocity [< 10 g/(kg·d); @*RESULTS@#At the corrected age of 12 months, the low velocity group had a significantly lower score of fine motor (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The weight growth velocity from birth to the corrected age of 40 weeks affects the development of fine motor and language in preterm infants at the corrected age of 12 months; however it needs to be further verified by large-sample studies.

Application prospect of palliative transurethral prostatectomy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer complicated with lower urinary tract symptoms / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Prostate cancer has become the most common malignant disease in male. Due to development of therapy methods, the overall survive rate of advanced prostate cancer has been improved significantly. The demands for higher quality of life are impending in advanced prostate cancer patient. With the progression of prostate cancer, about 1/3 to 2/3 of patients will suffer from moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. Severe lower urinary tract symptoms can lead to negative effects on treatment and quality of life. However, there is no standard treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in advanced prostate cancer patients. This article reviews the clinical application of palliative transurethral resection of prostate in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

A Method for Isolating Tumor Cells from Large Volume of Malignant Pleural Effusion and Its Efficacy Evaluation / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Malignant plural effusion (MPE) is one of the most common specimen for liquid biopsy gene detection. This study aims to explore a method for isolating tumor cells from large volume of MPE and evaluate its efficacy and application prospect in gene detection.@*METHODS@#Pleural effusions (>500 mL) from 20 advanced lung cancer patients were obtained by effusion drainage and used to isolate tumor cells with cell separation media Percoll and Ficoll. Cell number and purity were calculated. DNA was extracted from the supernatant (etDNA), total cells and isolated tumor cells of pleural effusion (ETC-DNA) to detect the mutation of tumor-related genes by next-generation sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The median number of cells isolated from malignant pleural effusion was 8.50×10⁴ (interquel range: 9.25×10³-3.75×10⁵), 85.50%±5.80% of the cells were identified as tumor cells. The detection rates of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation of etDNA, total cell DNA and ETC-DNA were 70.00%, 50.00% and 70.00%, reseparately, while the median EGFR mutation abundance in 3 components was 16.05% (4.78%-43.06%), 1.09% (0.00%-2.39%), and 33.02% (18.50%-76.70%), respectively. ETC-DNA had good consistency with tissue DNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000) and etDNA (P>0.999, kappa=1.000). ETC-DNA inclined to have higher EGFR mutation than etDNA, but the result was not statistically significant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our method can isolate large amount of tumor cells from a large volume of malignant pleural effusion with high purity. Using ETC-DNA as specimen improves the efficacy of gene detection, thus is worth further study.

Occurrence regularity and integrated control of leaf miner in safflower / 中国中药杂志

Leaf miner is one of the major pests on safflower, which causes yield loss and poor quality seriously. "Weihonghua", "nine safflower varieties" and "three chemical insecticides" as materials that used to evaluate variety and regularity of leaf miner, safflower resistant level, and different proportions insecticides in field efficiency test. The results showed that Liriomyza sativae and L. huidobrensis accounted for 80%, the peak period of two pests was all in July; but Phytomyza horticola is relative less, its peak period occured in June. Three were great difference of resistance to leaf miner among safflower varieties, FQ12 and YJ65 expressed higher resistibility to leaf miner by ratio method. With abamectin 2% emulsifiable concentrate diluted for 2 000 times, or the mixture three insecticides(bifenthrin 20% water emulsions, thiamethoxam 25% water dispersible granule, abamectin 2% emulsifiable concentrate=1∶1∶1) diluted for 3 000 times, which were sprayed on leaves at squaring stage and lethal rate was 96% after 48 h in the study. Through comparative study on the variety and regularity of leaf miner, screen for resistant varieties to leaf miner and for high efficiency pesticide. The study provides theoretical basis and reference for integrated pest management of leaf miner.

Ocular pharmacokinetics of econazole solid lipid nanoparticle eye drops after single dose topical administration in rabbits / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of econazole solid lipid nanoparticles (E-SLNs) after administration of one single dose in rabbit eyes.Methods:E-SLNs with 0.2% econazole was prepared by microemulsion method.Its antifungal activity against Fusarium isolated from the eyes of patients with fungal keratitis was evaluated in vitro and was compared with natamycin eye drops.Four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to the blank control group without any drug interference during the experimental period, and other matched 21 rabbits were randomized into 7 groups according to the specimen-collected time, with 3 rabbits in each group.E-SLNs of 50 μl was singly applied to conjunctival sac in both eyes in the 21 rabbits, and tear was collected using a filter paper at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes following administration of the drug.The cornea specimen was collected at above-mentioned time points respectively.The drug levels in each sample were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.The accuracy, recovery rate, stability and antifungal activity of the drugs in tear fluid and cornea were detected.This study protocol was approved by the Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HENNCA-2017-22). Results:For the tear samples and corneal tissue samples, the relative standard deviation ( RSD) of the accuracy of the drug was 2.34%-4.04%; the stability analysis result showed that the RSD of the drugs was less than 10%.The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 50) and 90% minimum inhibit concentration (MIC 90) of E-SLNs were 0.37 μg/ml and 0.89 μg/ml, respectively.The MIC 50 and MIC 90 of natamycin were 1.15 μg/ml and 1.70 μg/ml, respectively.After one single dose application of E-SLNs eye drops, the peak time of the drug in tears fluids and cornea of rabbits were 5 minutes and maximum concentrations in tears and cornea were 597.64 μg/g and 33.15 μg/g, respectively. Conclusions:The drug levels in tears and cornea achieved are higher than MIC against Fusarium.

Ocular pharmacokinetics of topical administration of butenafine nanomicelles in rabbit eyes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of the broad-spectrum antifungal drug butenafine nanomicelles (BTF-NM) after topical instillation.Methods:The self-assembly method was used to prepare BTF-NM.The particle size, Zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of BTF-NM were measured by a nano-particle size-Zeta potential analyzer, and the encapsulation efficiency was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Forty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits without eye disease were randomly divided into the BTF-NM group and the BTF suspension (BTF-S) group.The corresponding drugs were instilled in the conjunctival sac with a single instillation of 50 μl.The 7.5 mm filter paper was placed in the conjunctival sac of rabbit eye for 1 minute at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 minutes after the administration.Then the rabbits were sacrificed by intravenous injection of 4% sodium pentobarbital solution through the ears of the rabbits.The aqueous humor was extracted and the corneal tissue was dissected.The drug concentration of BTF in different tissues was measured by HPLC.The study was approved by the Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2019-01).Results:The particle size and PDI of BTF-NM were (15.65±0.04)nm and 0.11±0.01, respectively, the Zeta potential was (-0.29±0.36)mV, the encapsulation rate was (98.38±0.29)%.The peak time of the drug both in tears and corneal tissues after BTF-NM application was 5 minutes.The peak concentrations of the drug in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group were (485.21±66.29) μg/g and (12.53±2.32) μg/g, which were 5.6 and 78 times than that of the BTF-S group, respectively.Within the observation time, the mass fractions of the drug in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group at each time point were significantly higher than those of BTF-S group at corresponding time points (all at P<0.01), respectively.The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 0-240 minutes in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group was 7 488.90 (μg/g)·minute and 829.01 (μg/g)·minute, which was 7.2 and 52 times than that of the BTF-S group, respectively.No drugs were detected in the aqueous humor of the BTF-NM group and the BTF-S group. Conclusions:BTF-NM is an ideal agent with a simple preparing process, high drug encapsulation efficiency and small particle size.Compared with BTF suspension, BTF-NM can significantly improve the bioavailability of BTF in rabbit corneas.

Modal Analysis of Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Bodies / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the dynamic characteristics of the thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral bodies under free state. Methods Based on CT data from the thoracic and lumbar vertebral body of a healthy female volunteer, model materialization and intervertebral disc tissue reconstruction were realized by using the computerized processing software. The finite element models of normal thoracolumbar vertebral body and thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral body were established in ABAQUS 6.14 to perform modal analysis. Results Compared with the normal model, the osteoporosis model had a lower natural frequency and a lager amplitude. As the vibration frequency increased, the model vibration type changed from uniaxial and unidirectional motion to multiaxial and multidirectional motion, and the responsible vertebral body for the maximum amplitude moved down gradually. Conclusions Modal analysis can better analyze dynamic characteristics of the thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral body. Patients with osteoporosis should try to avoid the specific vibration environment, so as to decrease the risk of intervertebral disc tissue degeneration, strain of thoracolumbar soft tissues and lesion in posterior structures of the vertebral body.

The mechanism of methyl jasmonate-induced accumulation of hydroxysafflor yellow A in safflower of different colors / 药学学报

To explore the mechanism hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) biosynthesis and regulation, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on gene expression related to the biosynthesis of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) was analyzed, and expression differences in genes involved in HSYA biosynthesis in safflower of different colors was quantified. MeJA at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 μmol·L-1 was sprayed onto safflower florets to determine the optimal concentration of MeJA. Safflower was treated with 100 μmol·L-1 MeJA and florets were harvested 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment. The content of MeJA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RNA was extracted from safflower florets treated with 100 μmol·L-1 MeJA for 6 h. The transcription of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of HSYA was quantified by qRT-PCR and differentially expressed genes were identified. The content of HSYA increased after treatment with MeJA, with 100 μmol·L-1 MeJA treatment for 6 h having the greatest effect on HSYA accumulation. qRT-PCR results showed that MeJA could significantly increase the transcription of HSYA biosynthesis genes including PAL2, PAL4, 4CL2, 4CL4, 4CL5, CHS3, CHS4 and CHI2. The content of HSYA differed between safflowers of different colors with a trend of red>orange-yellow>yellow>white. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of CHS1 and CHI2 in red, orange and yellow safflower was significantly higher than that in white safflower. These results indicate that MeJA promotes the accumulation of HSYA by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of HSYA such as PAL2, PAL4, 4CL2, 4CL4, 4CL5, CHS3, CHS4 and CHI2, and the variation of HSYA content in safflower of different colors was related to a difference in the level of expression of CHS1 and CHI2.

Optimization of Formulation of Econazole Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Based on Pseudo-ternary Phase Diagrams and Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of econazole solid lipid nanoparticles(E-SLN) by combining pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). METHODS: Econazole solubility in different solid lipids and the capacity of lipid emulsion were tested. The microemulsion region was obtained by the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Then the E-SLN were prepared by microemulsion method. Drug/lipid (X1), lipid/surfactant (X2) and surfactant/cosurfactant (X3) were taken as individual factors, the encapsulation efficiency (Y1), particle size (Y2), Zeta potential (Y3) were taken as the dependent factors. The possible optimum formulation was predicted by CCD-RSM and validated. RESULTS: Econazole could be dissolved in tripalmitic acid glyceride (TAG), monostearic acid glyceride, stearic acid and lauric acid glyceride. TAG had a good capacity of emulsion. The optimized formulation was econazole 0.06 g, glyceryl palmitate 0.48 g, Tween-80 1.194 g, glycerol 0.274 g and added water to 30 mL by CCD-RSM. According to the optimized formulation, the encapsulation efficiency, particle size and Zeta potential were (94.06±1.54)%, (18.88±0.38)nm and (3.53±0.01)mV, respectively. The deviation was less than 5%. CONCLUSION: The stable and ultra-small size E-SLN with high encapsulation efficiency could be obtained by combining pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and CCD-RSM.

Impact of social support, self-efficacy and peer stress on college students’ physical exercise behavior / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship among social support, self-efficacy, peer pressure and physical exercise behavior and to provide a reference for subjective initiative of college students in physical exercise.@*Methods@#Questionnaire survey regarding social support, peer pressure and self-efficacy, as well as physical exercise behavior was administered among 1 189 students from 3 colleges and universities in Henan Province during August to October 2019.@*Results@#Peer pressure score was (18.72±4.02), subjective support score was (14.76±3.46), objective support score was (10.98±2.53), utilization score for support was (11.20±3.12), self-efficacy score was (36.79±8.00), physical exercise behavior score was (21.72±4.75). Subjective support, objective support, utilization of support, peer pressure, self-efficacy and college students ’ physical exercise behavior were significantly positively correlated(P<0.05). Structural equation model showed that subjective support, objective support, utilization of support, peer pressure, and self-efficacy significantly positively associated with physical exercise behavior,with standardization coefficients of 0.08, 0.12, 0.13, 0.40, 0.90(P<0.05), respectively. Self-efficacy has significant mediating effect on peer pressure, subjective support, objective support, utilization of support and physical exercise behavior of college students used, with standardized effect quantities being 55.36%, 90.73%, 85.88%, 87.92%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#College students’ physical exercise behavior is closely related to social support, peer pressure and self-efficacy. Social support has a significant impact on college students’ physical exercise behavior, and self-efficacy, while self-efficacy and peer pressure all have a positive effect on college students’ physical exercise behavior.